“Eleştirel Düşünme: Kısa bir Kılavuz” öğrenci veya profesyonel, işte veya sınıfta, muhakeme ve tartışma becerilerini geliştirmek isteyen herkes için gerekli bir okuma önerisidir.
Contents
Preface vii
Introduction and preview ix
Chapter 1: Why should we become critical thinkers? 1
- Beginning to think critically: recognising arguments
- Identifying conclusions and premises
- Intermediate conclusions
- Linguistic phenomena
Chapter 2: Logic: deductive validity 42
- The Principle of Charity
- Truth
- Deductive validity
- Conditional propositions
- Deductive soundness
Chapter 3: Logic: inductive force 69
- Inductive force
- ‘All’, ‘most’ and ‘some’
- Inductive soundness
- Probability in the premises
- Arguments with multiple probabilistic premises
- Inductive force in extended arguments
- Conditional probability in the conclusion
- Evidence
- Inductive inferences
- A programme for assessment
Chapter 4: Rhetorical ploys and fallacies 99
- Rhetorical ploys
- Fallacies
- Formal fallacies
- Substantive fallacies
- Further fallacies
Chapter 5: The practice of argument reconstruction 155
- Extraneous material
- Implicit and explicit
- Connecting premises
- Covering generalisations
- Relevance
- Ambiguity and vagueness
- More on generalisations
- Practical reasoning
- Balancing costs, benefits and probabilities
- Explanations as conclusions
- Causal generalisations
- A shortcut
Chapter 6: Issues in argument assessment 206
- Rational persuasiveness
- Some strategies for logical assessment
- Refutation by counter-example
- Engaging with the argument: avoiding the ‘Who is to say?’ criticism
- Argument commentary
- Argument trees
Chapter 7: Truth, knowledge and belief 237
- Truth and relativity
- True for me, true for you
- Truth, value and morality
- Belief, justification and truth
- Knowledge
- Justification failure
- Knowledge and rational persuasiveness
- Gettier cases
Glossary 261
Index 273
